\nMOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, specifically from the 12S rRNA region. This 16\u2011amino\u2011acid peptide was first characterized in cell-based investigations and has since attracted considerable attention in metabolic and aging research. The peptide is believed to participate in retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus, enabling coordination of cellular metabolism under conditions of energetic stress.\n<\/p>\n
\nIn laboratory studies, MOTS-c has been observed to influence pathways associated with nutrient sensing, energy balance, and mitochondrial function. Research groups worldwide are examining its role in cellular models of insulin response, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress adaptation. Because MOTS\u2011c circulates in plasma and its levels have been shown to correlate with certain metabolic states in observational studies, it is a molecule of keen interest for fundamental biological inquiry.\n<\/p>\n
\nSuppliers provide MOTS\u2011c bulk powder for research<\/strong> to support these laboratory investigations. The product is synthesized using solid\u2011phase peptide synthesis and purified to high standards, making it suitable for a wide range of in vitro and ex vivo experimental applications. All offerings are strictly for laboratory research use only, not for human or veterinary applications.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n \nMOTS\u2011c is a linear, unmodified peptide with the primary sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR<\/strong> (Met\u2013Arg\u2013Trp\u2013Gln\u2013Glu\u2013Met\u2013Gly\u2013Tyr\u2013Ile\u2013Phe\u2013Tyr\u2013Pro\u2013Arg\u2013Lys\u2013Leu\u2013Arg). The peptide contains 16 residues and includes aromatic, hydrophobic, and basic amino acids that contribute to its secondary structure and interaction with binding partners in experimental systems. The molecular weight of the full sequence is approximately 2173.6\u00a0Da<\/strong>, a value consistently confirmed by mass spectrometry in quality\u2011controlled batches.\n<\/p>\n \nMOTS\u2011c bulk powder for research<\/strong> is supplied as a sterile, lyophilized solid. The appearance is typically white to off\u2011white, with no visible aggregates or discoloration when manufactured and stored according to recommendations. Purity, as determined by reverse\u2011phase high\u2011performance liquid chromatography (RP\u2011HPLC), is \u226595%<\/strong> in standard preparations. Many synthesis runs routinely exceed 97% purity, and the exact figure is reported on the batch\u2011specific Certificate of Analysis.\n<\/p>\n \nThe lyophilized powder is soluble in sterile water and in a variety of buffered solutions commonly used in cell biology, such as phosphate\u2011buffered saline (PBS) or HEPES buffers. Solubility can be influenced by pH and ionic strength; researchers typically confirm solubility under their specific experimental conditions. Upon reconstitution, the peptide should be clear and free of particulates. For long\u2011term storage of reconstituted aliquots, laboratories often add a carrier protein or other stabilizer if permitted by the protocol, but this is determined by the end user.\n<\/p>\n \nThe availability of highly pure MOTS\u2011c bulk powder for research<\/strong> enables a broad spectrum of hypothesis\u2011driven inquiries. All experimental work is performed in vitro or in accepted laboratory models, without any human or veterinary application.\n<\/p>\n \nA primary area of investigation centers on the role of MOTS\u2011c in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt<\/sup>) and in retrograde communication. In cultured cells exposed to metabolic challenges, MOTS\u2011c has been shown to modulate the expression of nuclear\u2011encoded mitochondrial protective genes. These studies often employ quantitative PCR and protein blotting to measure changes in stress\u2011responsive transcription factors.\n<\/p>\n \nMultiple peer\u2011reviewed publications have described effects of synthetic MOTS\u2011c on glucose utilization and lipid oxidation in myotube and hepatocyte cell lines. For example, investigators have treated differentiated C2C12 myotubes with nanomolar concentrations of MOTS\u2011c and observed AMP\u2011activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, along with increased glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane. Such experiments are conducted entirely in controlled culture systems to probe signaling events.\n<\/p>\n \nIn vitro models of insulin resistance\u2014induced by high\u2011lipid or high\u2011glucose incubation\u2014are frequently used to evaluate peptide\u2011mediated restoration of insulin signaling components, including insulin receptor substrate\u20111 (IRS\u20111) and Akt phosphorylation. Researchers employ MOTS\u2011c in these models to dissect pathways without implying any therapeutic intent. The peptide is also used in co\u2011treatment studies with metabolic stressors to examine adaptive responses.\n<\/p>\n \nMitochondrial respiration assays (Seahorse analysis) with adherent cell lines have been performed to assess oxygen consumption rates following MOTS\u2011c exposure. Some laboratory findings report changes in basal and maximal respiration, as well as spare respiratory capacity. Simultaneously, fluorescent probes have been used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, providing insight into how MOTS\u2011c may influence redox balance under conditions of nutrient excess or deprivation. All such data are generated in isolated cellular systems.\n<\/p>\n \nTo ensure reproducibility in research, each batch of MOTS\u2011c bulk powder for research<\/strong> is subjected to rigorous analytical characterization. This quality assurance framework aligns with the expectations of institutional laboratories and pharmaceutical\u2011grade research supply.\n<\/p>\n \nProper handling is essential to maintain the integrity of MOTS\u2011c in laboratory workflows. The following recommendations are derived from stability data and general peptide best practices.\n<\/p>\n \nMOTS\u2011c bulk powder for research<\/strong> is supplied in a range of sizes to accommodate small\u2011scale laboratory testing through to large\u2011volume purchasing by distributors and core facilities. All packaging is designed to preserve peptide stability during shipment and storage.\n<\/p>\n \nRemarque : \u00e0 usage strictement scientifique :<\/strong> All products described, including MOTS\u2011c bulk powder, are intended solely for laboratory research purposes. They are not manufactured for use as drugs, medical devices, or diagnostics, and must not be administered to humans or animals. End users bear full responsibility for ensuring that their handling and experimental use comply with all applicable laws, regulations, and institutional policies.\n<\/p>\n R\u00e9serv\u00e9 \u00e0 la recherche. Ne pas utiliser chez l'homme ni chez les animaux.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Overview of MOTS-c MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, specifically from the 12S rRNA region. This 16\u2011amino\u2011acid peptide was first characterized in cell-based investigations and has since attracted considerable attention in metabolic and aging research. The peptide is believed to participate in retrograde signaling from mitochondria to the nucleus, enabling coordination […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"news_category":[],"class_list":["post-1878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nChemical and Physical Properties<\/h2>\n
Amino Acid Sequence and Molecular Characteristics<\/h3>\n
Physical Form and Purity<\/h3>\n
Solubility and Reconstitution<\/h3>\n
Research Applications in Mitochondrial Science<\/h2>\n
Mitochondrial Stress Response and Signaling<\/h3>\n
Metabolic Regulation in Cellular Models<\/h3>\n
Investigation of Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Metabolism<\/h3>\n
Oxidative Phosphorylation and Reactive Oxygen Species Analysis<\/h3>\n
Quality Control and Purity Specifications<\/h2>\n
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Handling and Storage Guidelines<\/h2>\n
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Packaging and Bulk Ordering Information<\/h2>\n
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