Overview of Bremelanotide for Research
Bremelanotide is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide with the amino acid sequence Ac-Nle-cyclo[Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-OH. In laboratory settings, it functions as a melanocortin receptor agonist, displaying binding affinity for multiple melanocortin receptor subtypes in 体外 systems. This compound is supplied exclusively for research applications; it is not manufactured, packaged, or distributed for any purpose related to human or animal ingestion, administration, or treatment. Laboratories intending to buy Bremelanotide bulk wholesale are typically engaged in receptor pharmacology, neurobiological pathway analysis, or the development of novel chemical probes, all under strictly controlled experimental conditions.
The molecule’s structure features an acetylated norleucine residue at the N-terminus and a lactam bond between aspartic acid and lysine side chains, forming a cyclic core that stabilizes its bioactive conformation. Researchers rely on this well-characterized compound for binding assays, functional signaling studies, and structure-activity relationship investigations. Every shipment is labeled “Research Use Only,” and purchasers must affirm that the material will be handled by qualified personnel in appropriate containment facilities.
Chemical and Structural Characteristics
The empirical molecular formula of Bremelanotide is C50H68N14O9, corresponding to a molecular weight of 1024.17 g/mol. The peptide is most commonly supplied as an acetate salt to enhance aqueous solubility, facilitating dissolution in typical assay buffers. For long-term stability, the lyophilized powder must be stored at -20 °C in a desiccated environment and protected from light. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided; working aliquots can be prepared under an inert atmosphere where feasible.
Molecular Formula and Purity Standards
Every production batch is subjected to rigorous analytical characterization. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) consistently demonstrates a purity level of ≥98%, with a detailed certificate of analysis (COA) issued for each lot. The COA documents the exact peptide content, counter-ion ratio, retention time, and mass confirmation via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-TOF). Laboratories that buy Bremelanotide bulk wholesale can also request a copy of the batch-specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectrum and amino acid analysis data. Where additional verification is desired, an aliquot can be sent to an independent third-party laboratory at the buyer’s request.
The acetate salt form delivers a net peptide content typically exceeding 80%, with the remainder being residual water and counter-ions. This composition is quantified by quantitative amino acid analysis and taken into account when preparing stock solutions. Because Bremelanotide contains tryptophan and histidine residues sensitive to oxidation, lyophilized vials are sealed under argon or nitrogen to safeguard integrity during transit and storage.
Applications in Laboratory Studies
Bremelanotide is widely employed as a reference agonist in melanocortin receptor research. Its affinity profile across the five known melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R) makes it a versatile tool for distinguishing receptor subtype selectivity. In 体外 radioligand binding assays, Bremelanotide competes with labeled α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogs, allowing calculation of inhibition constants (Ki) at each recombinant receptor. Functional activity is routinely measured by quantifying cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in HEK293 or CHO cells stably expressing the individual receptor subtypes.
Receptor Binding Studies
A typical binding assay uses 125I-NDP-MSH ([Nle4,D-Phe7]-α-MSH) as the radioligand. Membranes prepared from transfected cell lines are incubated with Bremelanotide across a concentration range (e.g., 10-12 to 10-5 M), and specific binding is measured after equilibrium dialysis or filtration. Bremelanotide consistently exhibits high affinity for MC4R and MC1R, with comparatively lower affinity at MC3R and MC5R. These binding profiles underpin the rational design of next-generation ligands with altered selectivity, a common objective for groups that buy Bremelanotide bulk wholesale to sustain long-term medicinal chemistry projects.
Competition curve analysis provides a full pharmacological profile: IC50 values are converted to Ki using the Cheng-Prusoff equation, yielding reproducible numbers when assay conditions are strictly controlled. Because the cyclic heptapeptide structure is distinct from linear MSH peptides, researchers also assess dissociation kinetics and the influence of allosteric modulators on Bremelanotide binding.
In Vitro Investigations
Downstream signaling is frequently evaluated in cell lines expressing melanocortin receptors, where Bremelanotide stimulates Gs protein-coupled pathways leading to adenylyl cyclase activation. cAMP accumulation is measured by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transfected HEK293 or CHO cells are treated with Bremelanotide for 30–60 minutes, after which intracellular cAMP levels are normalized to total protein content.
These 体外 setups support mechanistic studies into energy homeostasis and the neurobiological circuits associated with ingestive and reproductive behaviors. All protocols must be approved by the respective institutional ethical committees governing 体外 and animal research, where applicable. Importantly, Bremelanotide is used in animal model systems solely under approved protocols that explore central nervous system pathways; the compound is never intended for diagnostic or therapeutic application in any species.
Bulk Wholesale Procurement
Researchers and institutions planning extended studies often buy Bremelanotide bulk wholesale to secure consistent batch quality and reduce per-unit cost. Quantities can be tailored from small research aliquots (milligram scale) to multi-gram or even kilogram lots for long-term combinatorial chemistry or screening programs. The ability to order peptide in bulk also facilitates custom enquiries for isotope-labeled versions (e.g., 13C- or 15N-labeled amino acid incorporation) or modified analogs featuring D-amino acid substitutions, pegylation, or fluorescent tags.
Pricing is tiered according to the total amount ordered and the required purity threshold. Standard research-grade material (≥98% purity) is the most common specification, but higher purity levels (≥99%) can be achieved through additional preparative HPLC steps. Each quotation is transparent and details the cost per gram, anticipated synthesis time, and shipping fees.
Minimum Order Quantities
- Research-grade Bremelanotide: The standard minimum order quantity (MOQ) is 100 mg. This threshold allows receiving the same batch material used for pilot experiments.
- Bulk orders: Orders of 5 g or more are considered wholesale and typically benefit from a reduced price per gram. These larger amounts are ideal for long-term assay development or multi-site collaborations.
- Custom synthesis projects: The MOQ is negotiated on a project basis. Factors such as sequence modification, desired purity, and delivery timeline influence the minimum commitment.
质量保证
Every gram of Bremelanotide dispatched from a production facility is rigorously tested before release. The analytical panel includes reversed-phase HPLC for purity assessment, mass spectrometry for identity confirmation, and amino acid analysis to verify composition. For bulk wholesale orders, additional quality documentation is provided:
- Stability data under recommended storage conditions (-20 °C, desiccated, light-protected) for durations up to 24 months.
- Results from dynamic light scattering or circular dichroism spectroscopy if solubility or secondary structure are of interest.
- Batch-to-batch consistency reports that compare the current lot with previous productions, ensuring reproducibility in ongoing research.
Validated protocols, including standard operating procedures for synthesis, cleavage, and purification, are followed without deviation. Any modification to the standard route is documented and shared with the buyer upon request.
Logistics and Compliance
Shipping Bremelanotide internationally demands careful thermal management and adherence to cross-border regulations. Lyophilized peptide is transported in sealed glass vials placed inside insulated shipping containers with sufficient dry ice or ice packs to maintain -20 °C to -80 °C throughout transit. Temperature loggers can be included to record the cold chain and provide a digital readout upon receipt.
Customs documentation is prepared to identify the contents accurately as “research chemicals – not for human use.” The commercial invoice and packing list state the CAS registry number (189691-06-3) and the applicable harmonized system code for peptide derivatives. These steps expedite clearance and reduce the risk of delays. Because Bremelanotide is not scheduled under any international drug convention, control status is generally limited to the standard oversight of research chemicals, though buyers must confirm the import requirements in their jurisdiction.
International Shipping
- Delivery window: Major destinations are reached within 5–10 business days from dispatch, provided all customs formalities are completed without issue.
- Packaging: Insulated expanded polystyrene containers, pre-conditioned gel packs, and absorbent material to contain any accidental leakage are standard. Lyophilized vials are cushioned to prevent breakage.
- Tracking: A unique tracking number is supplied via email once the shipment leaves the warehouse, enabling continuous monitoring.
Regulatory Considerations
The peptide is manufactured and sold exclusively for 仅限实验室研究使用. It is not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, veterinary, or personal-care applications. Buyers undertake full responsibility for researching and complying with all local, state, and federal regulations that govern the import, storage, and use of research peptides. A material safety data sheet (MSDS) is included with every shipment, detailing physical properties, handling precautions, and first-aid measures.
Additionally, the product is supplied in accordance with the European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation, when applicable, and analogous frameworks in other regions. Buyers should verify that their intended use falls within the explicit scope of research and does not stray into unlicensed activities. Any request implying human or animal use will be declined.
How to Place a Bulk Order
Procuring Bremelanotide in bulk begins with a clear specification of the desired quantity, purity level, and any necessary modifications (e.g., acetate salt or alternative counter-ion). Buyers can submit an inquiry through the supplier’s website contact form or send a direct email message summarizing their requirements. A technical sales representative will respond to clarify details and provide a formal quotation within one business day.
- Quotation and approval: The quotation outlines the unit price, total cost, estimated lead time, and shipping terms. A pro forma invoice is issued for accepted offers.
- Lead time: Standard bulk orders of Bremelanotide typically require 2–4 weeks for synthesis, quality control, and release. Larger custom batches or those with isotopic labeling may extend the timeline.
- Payment and documentation: Payment methods include wire transfer and, for certain accounts, credit card or letter of credit. Upon payment clearance, production is scheduled and supporting documentation—COA, MSDS, and stability profile—are prepared in parallel.
Throughout the process, the customer can receive updates on synthesis progress and request an intermediate analytical report. The final shipment is released only after all quality specifications are met. Researchers who regularly buy Bremelanotide bulk wholesale can establish framework agreements to lock in pricing and secure dedicated synthetic slots for recurring orders.
仅限研究用途的说明： Bremelanotide is supplied solely for 体外 laboratory research and experimental model systems under controlled protocols. It is not intended for human or veterinary application, nor for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. All purchasers must ensure compliance with applicable institutional, national, and international regulations governing research chemicals.
仅限研究用途。不得用于人类或兽医用途。.
